russian empire coat of arms

Franklin, Simon, and Bowers, Katherine (eds). A range of t-shirts sold by independent artists featuring a huge variety of original designs in sizes XS-5XL; availability depending on style. All the property turned over to the peasants was owned collectively by the mir, the village community, which divided the land among the peasants and supervised the various holdings. His offensive was an eminence, taking 76,000 prisoners from the main attack and 1,500 from the Austrian bridgehead. "18th Century in the Russian History" Rushmania.com. An important feature of Russia is its few free outlets to the open sea, outside the ice-bound shores of the Arctic Ocean. Valerii L. Stepanov, "Revisiting Russian Conservatism", Walter Sperling, "Building a Railway, Creating Imperial Space: 'Locality,' 'Region,' 'Russia,' 'Empire' as Political Arguments in Post-Reform Russia,", Sarah Searight, "Russian railway penetration of Central Asia,", I. N. Grebenkin, "The Disintegration of the Russian Army in 1917: Factors and Actors in the Process.". They favored far-reaching reforms, and hoped the landlord class would fade away, while agreeing they should be paid for their land. [53], Alexander II obtained Outer Manchuria from the Qing China between 1858 and 1860 as the Amur Annexation, and sold the last territories of Russian America, Alaska, to the United States in 1867. Russia had a long-standing economic bargain on fundamental agriculture on large estates, which was worked by Russian peasants (also known as serfs), who didn't get any rights from slave masters under the system of "barshchina. The judicial system of the Russian Empire was established by the statute of 20 November 1864 of Alexander II. In 1900, the Russian Empire invaded Manchuria as part of the Eight-Nation Alliance's intervention against the Boxer Rebellion. Don't hesitate in asking any questions concerning the people listed below or particular features of the archival search. Its escutcheon was golden with a black two-headed eagle crowned with two imperial crowns, over which the same third crown, enlarged, with two flying ends of the ribbon of the Order of Saint Andrew. They accepted land reform but insisted that property owners be fully paid. In 1893, district committees for the management of the peasants' affairs, similar to those in purely Russian governments, were introduced into this part of the Empire. In this it differed from contemporary colonial-style empires. Access to the Baltic Sea was blocked by Sweden, whose territory enclosed it on three sides. [41], The liberal Alexander I was replaced by his younger brother Nicholas I (18251855), who at the beginning of his reign was confronted with an uprising. [citation needed] According to another point of view, the term Tsardom, which was used after the coronation of Ivan IV in 1547, was already a contemporary Russian word for empire. The Slavophiles were opponents of bureaucracy, who preferred the collectivism of the medieval Russian obshchina or mir over the individualism of the West. The Nobles' Land Bank, in 1885, made loans at nominal interest rates to the landed nobility. Russia obtained treaty ports such as Dalian/Port Arthur. Although it is technically an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does not follow traditional heraldic rules, in Russian it is called (gerb), the word used for a traditional coat of arms. In 185455, Russia fought Britain, France and Turkey in the Crimean War, which Russia lost. The poll tax was abolished in 1886.[115]. The Land of the Future - 1914 (page 1 crop).jpg, Constantine Palace (2008-08-29), exterior, IMG07.jpg, Costume of the coronation herald (1797?, Kremlin) by shakko 01.jpg, Punch, Vol. Picture Information. Gatrell, Peter. Much of Russia's expansion occurred in the 17th century, culminating in the first Russian colonization of the Pacific, the Russo-Polish War (165467), which led to the incorporation of left-bank Ukraine, and the Russian conquest of Siberia. The index to the General Collection of coats of arms of the All-Russian Empire started in the year 1797. [126] The tsarist administration sought to arrange "orthodoxies" within Islam, Buddhism, and the Protestant faiths, which was performed by creating spiritual assemblies (in the case of Islam, Judaism, and Lutheranism), banning and declaring bishoprics (in the case of Catholicism), and arbitrating doctrinal disputes. At the highest level, universities were based on the German modelin Kazan, Kharkov, St. Petersburg, Vilna and Dorpatwhile the relatively young Imperial Moscow University was expanded. The capital was out of control of the protest and strife.[104]. Russia averted Serbia because it being a compeer Slavic state, and two days later, Emperor Nicholas II ordered the mobilisation to bestow the loyalty to the Orthodox Church, not just for a similar slavic nation. The Abbreviated Imperial Title is inscribed over the perimeter of the Seal. Recent research into the physical stature of Army recruits shows they were bigger and stronger. From 1875 to 1877, the Balkan crisis intensified, with rebellions against Ottoman rule by various Slavic nationalities, which the Ottoman Turks had dominated since the 16th century. Russian Coat of Arms. [146] This created a "Golden Age of Old Faith" for the previously persecuted Old Believers until the emergence of the Soviet Union. The coat of arms of Russia derives from the earlier coat of arms of the Russian Empire which was abolished with the Russian Revolution in 1917. Any illustration conforming with the blazon of the arms is considered to be heraldically correct. High-quality, pre-shrunk heavy or lightweight fleece. [96] On 2 May, the Russian army was broken in the front and retreated from the line stretched from Gorlice to Tarnw by joint Austro-German forces and lost Premissel. The index to the General Collection of coats of arms of the All-Russian Empire started in the year 1797. Russia, along with France and Britain, was a member of the Entente in antecedent to World War I; these three powers were formed up in response of Germany's growing diadem,[72] one of the member of the Triple Alliance, besides Austria-Hungary and Italy. The Duma of the Empire or Imperial Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), which formed the lower house of the Russian parliament, consisted (since the ukaz of 2 June 1907) of 442 members, elected by an exceedingly complicated process. [159][157] Most peasants lived in tens of thousands of small villages under a highly patriarchal system. The Russian Coat of Arms is one of the major state symbols of Russia, along with the flag and the anthem. Coat of arms of Prussia The state of Prussia developed from the State of the Teutonic Order. This is a list of surnames which once held Coats of Arms in the Russian Empire. Though the Empire was not officially proclaimed by Tsar then Emperor Peter I until after the Treaty of Nystad (1721), some historians argue that it originated when Ivan III of Russia conquered Veliky Novgorod in 1478. Japan strongly opposed Russian expansion, and defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 19041905. The index to the General Collection of coats of arms of the All-Russian Empire started in the year 1797. [52] Emancipation brought a supply of free labour to the cities, stimulating industry; and the middle class grew in number and influence. Literacy rates were highest for the nobility (84 to 87 percent), merchants (over 75 percent), then the workers and peasants. [h] Even though the Holy Synod's chief prosecutor served as the church's link to the head of state, Peter I changed the patriarchal system that had previously existed into a synodal one. [145], In 1905, Emperor Nicholas II issued a religious toleration edict that gave legal status to non-Orthodox religions. The Emperor never explicitly recognized Finland as a constitutional state in its own right, although his Finnish subjects came to consider the grand duchy as such. Peter told the Senate that its mission was to collect taxes, and tax revenues tripled over the course of his reign. The deficit required borrowing, primarily from bankers in Amsterdam; five percent of the budget was allocated to debt payments. Background: According to the St. Petersburg office of BLITZ, "the list of names which we have provided is a transliteration of the following publication available in the Russia National Library:Gorn, V.E. directing or governing senate), originally established during the government reform of Peter I, consisted of members nominated by the emperor. According to returns published in 1905, based on the Russian Imperial Census of 1897, adherents of the different religious communities in the whole of the Russian empire numbered approximately as follows. After the Revolution of 1905, Russia developed a new type of government, which became difficult to categorize. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. The final version of the emblem was adopted in 1956 with the removal of the Finnish inscription from the insignia, reflecting the 1956 transformation of the Karelo-Finnish SSR into the Karelian ASSR. After approval by Alexander III on 24 July 1882, the greater coat of arms was adopted on 3 November, replacing the previous 1857 version. See more ideas about coat of arms, imperial, imperial russia. The following 170 files are in this category, out of 170 total. With the abdication of Nicholas II in 1917, the monarchy was abolished. Russia Coat of Arms Men's T-shirt, Coat of arms of Russia, Russia Flag Emblem, Vintage Look, Patriotic Shirt, Unisex Shirt ShopEU2021 (51) $24.52 $30.65 (20% off) FREE shipping 4" Russian Coat of Arms Russia flag RUS RU Car Truck Bumper Vinyl Sticker Decal Model 2432 DarknessInTheLair (76) $3.99 FREE shipping More colors [citation needed] In 1497, it was stamped on a charter of share and allotment of independent princes' possessions. Russian Empire Coat Of Arms. [69], In 1903, at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, in London, the party split into two wings: the gradualist Mensheviks and the more radical Bolsheviks. Her reign, which lasted nearly 20 years, is also known for Russia's involvement in the Seven Years' War, where it was successful militarily, but gained little politically. The Octobrist party was a conservative force, with a base of landowners and businessmen. From 1721 until 1762, the Russian Empire was ruled by the House of Romanov; its matrilineal branch of patrilineal German descent, the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, ruled from 1762 until 1917. On the day of the announcement of the Treaty of Nystad, which was 2 November[O.S. St. Petersburg, Russia It was catastrophic for France, whose army was decimated during the Russian winter. On 4 June 1916, General Aleksei Brusilov carried out an offensive to the front by targeting Kovel. The majority of the population lived in European Russia. Following a brief occupation, the Russian imperial army withdrew back into Georgia. Edited background and crease line. [113] Nicholas I attempted to modernise his country, and have it not be so dependant on a single economic sector. The collar of the newly established Order of Saint Andrew was added around the central escutcheon, and the crowns were changed to the imperial pattern after his assumption of the imperial title in 1721. To the north was the Arctic Ocean. Ministry of Commerce and Industry (created in 1905); Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. and Mark D. Steinberg. Statistical Anomalies and Long-Tailed Distributions". For 'utmost integration' into the Russian Federation, the occupiers plan to return . About the same time, a process of Russification was being carried out in the same provinces, in all departments of administration, in the higher schools, and in the Imperial University of Dorpat, the name of which was altered to Yuriev. When the procession reached the palace, soldiers opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds. [31], Catherine the Great was a German princess who married Peter III, the German heir to the Russian crown. [66], On the political right, the reactionary elements of the aristocracy strongly favored the large landholders, who, however, were slowly selling their land to the peasants through the Peasants' Land Bank. All of the coat of arms which were officially received by the people in the Russian Empire were included in this listing. [56][57], Russia had little difficulty expanding to the south, including conquering Turkestan,[58] until Britain became alarmed when Russia threatened Afghanistan, with the implicit threat to India; and decades of diplomatic maneuvering resulted, called the Great Game. According to the Kremlin's website:[1][2], , , , . Under the Treaty of Nystad of 1721, the Baltic German nobility retained considerable powers of self-government and numerous privileges in matters affecting education, police, and the local administration of justice. By envisioning their own role in a rail network they came to understand how important they were to the empire's economy. 3rd Army (Russian Empire) Adjutant general; Aleksey Tillo; Alexander III of Russia; Alexander Nevsky; Alexander Ypsilantis; Alexis of Russia; Anna of Russia; Ararat (brandy) Armorial of Russia; Black Hundreds; Boris Godunov; Breguet (brand) Catherine I of Russia; Catherine the Great; Caucasian Native Cavalry Division; Caucasus Army (Russian Empire, 1914-1917) Caucasus Front (Russian Republic) The coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) was adopted on 10 July 1918 by the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Soviet Union), and modified several times afterwards. For More Information: If you found the surname you look for in the present list we (BLITZ) can provide you with the corresponding data from the "General Collection", a copy of the article including the picture of the family crest and make the translation. Ivan adopted the golden Byzantine double-headed eagle in his seal, first documented in 1472, marking his direct claim to the Roman imperial heritage and posing as a sovereign equal and rival to the Holy Roman Empire. 'Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic'). No membership needed. Within one year, Russian troops were nearing Istanbul and the Ottomans surrendered. The coat of arms of Russia derives from the earlier coat of arms of the Russian Empire which was abolished with the Russian Revolution in 1917. The higher forms of education were reserved for a very small elite, with only a few hundred students at the universities by 1825 and 5500 in the secondary schools. [47], Russian emperors quelled two uprisings in their newly acquired Polish territories: the November Uprising in 1830 and the January Uprising in 1863. There was an increase of wealth among the few, but along with this a general impoverishment of the mass of the people. The military of the Russian Empire consisted of the Imperial Russian Army and the Imperial Russian Navy. At the time of Ivan III, the dragon was added, but the final association with Saint George was not made until 1730, when it was described as such in an Imperial decree. Vassals and protectorates of the Russian Empire included the Emirate of Bukhara, the Khanate of Khiva, and, after 1914, Tuva (Uriankhai). Why? After a short reign by his widow, Catherine I, the crown passed to empress Anna. [128] Particularly repressive was Emperor Nicholas I, who sought the forced assimilation of Jews,[129] from 1827 conscripted Jewish children as Cantonists in military institutions in the east aiming to compel them to convert to Christianity,[130] attempted to stratify Jews into "useful" and "not useful" based on wealth[129] and further restricted religious and commercial rights within the Pale of Settlement. Total grain production increased, as well as exports, even with rising domestic demand from population growth. Austria went to war with Russia on 6 August. In every group, women were far less literate than men. [67], On the left, the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) and the Marxist Social Democrats wanted to expropriate the land, without payment, but debated whether to distribute the land among the peasants (the Narodnik solution), or to put it into collective local ownership. 3d illustration. In the 18th century, Catherine II issued an edict of toleration that gave legal status to Islam and allowed Muslims to fulfill religious obligations. Owners had the right to sell slaves, depending on whether they were targeting land or accused (i.e., had escaped from working). With the fall of Constantinople and the end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, the Grand Dukes of Muscovy came to see themselves as the successors of the Byzantine heritage, a notion reinforced by the marriage of Ivan III to Sophia Paleologue (hence the expression "Third Rome" for Moscow and, by extension, for the whole of Imperial Russia). [105] The Tsarist system was fully overthrowned. It shows wheat as the symbol of agriculture, a rising sun for the future of the Russian nation, the red star (the RSFSR was the last Soviet Republic to include the star in its state emblem, in 1978) as well as the hammer and sickle for the victory of Communism and the "world-wide socialist community of states". In 1722, he turned his aspirations toward increasing Russian influence in the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea at the expense of the weakened Safavid Persians. Uvarov raised academic standards, improved facilities, and opened the admission doors a bit wider. Before this date, the fundamental laws of Russia described the power of the emperor as "autocratic and unlimited". Sell now. The Russians started to invade Galicia, held by Austrian Cisleithania on 20 August, and annihilated the Austrian Army at Lemberg, leading to the occupation of Galicia. The emperor's most influential adviser was Konstantin Pobedonostsev, tutor to Alexander III and his son Nicholas, and procurator of the Holy Synod from 1880 to 1895. During his reign, Russia formed the Franco-Russian Alliance, to contain the growing power of Germany; completed the conquest of Central Asia; and demanded important territorial and commercial concessions from China. Don't hesitate in asking any questions concerning the people listed below or particular features of the archival search. in. In 1906, there were governors-general in Finland, Warsaw, Vilna, Kiev, Moscow, and Riga. [95] While the fortress of Premissel was besieged, the first attempt to capture the fortress failed, but the second attempt seized the redoubt in March 1915. As a result of its spending, Russia developed a large and well-equipped army, a very large and complex bureaucracy, and a court that rivaled those of Paris and London. In numerous cases the peasants ended up with relatively small amounts of land. The administrative boundaries of European Russia, apart from Finland and its portion of Poland, coincided approximately with the natural limits of the East-European plains. This is a list of the Coats of armsof the Russian Federationand its federal subjects. Both Fort Ross and the Russian River in California got their names from Russian settlers, who had staked claims in a region claimed until 1821 by the Spanish as part of New Spain. Poland was partitioned by its three neighbours in the 17721815 era, with much of its land and population being taken under Russian rule. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (180612), and the ensuing Treaty of Bucharest (1812), the eastern parts of the Principality of Moldavia, an Ottoman vassal state, along with some areas formerly under direct Ottoman rule, came under the rule of the Empire. [82] The Russians were imbued with patriotic earnestness and Germanophobia sentiment, including the name of the capital, Saint Petersburg, which sounded too German for the sake of words Sankt- and -burg; and was thus renamed to Petrograd for more Russianised. The first 10 parts were published before the revolution of the year 1917. [124] The Emperor was not allowed to "profess any faith other than the Orthodox" (Article 62 of the 1906 Fundamental Laws) and was deemed "the Supreme Defender and Guardian of the dogmas of the predominant Faith and is the Keeper of the purity of the Faith and all good order within the Holy Church" (Article 64 ex supra). [102], On 3 March 1917, International Women's Day, a strike was organized at a factory in the capital, followed by thousands of people took to the streets in Petrograd to protest aliment shortages. Of note is that the scepter shows the Droste effect, as it is topped by a miniature image of the coat-of-arms itself. [33] She furthered these efforts by ordering the public trial of Darya Nikolayevna Saltykova, a high-ranking nobleman, on charges of torturing and murdering serfs. The invaders are dragging the occupied Ukrainian territories into the past in an expedited manner. T-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more, designed and sold by independent artists around the world. Shop russian empire coat of arms stickers created by independent artists from around the globe. Pobedonostsev taught his imperial pupils to fear freedom of speech and the press, as well as dislike democracy, constitutions, and the parliamentary system. The personal Arms of amon de Valera, Irish founding father whose influence helped preserve the heraldic office in the new Republic. Eighty thousand Russian troops, half of the delegations to restore order, had gone on strike and refused the high officers' orders. But the government was living far beyond its means, and 18th-century Russia remained "a poor, backward, overwhelmingly agricultural, and illiterate country".[36]. Date 28 November 2009 Source The whole lies within a golden ermine mantle, crowned by the Imperial Crown of Russia and decorated with black double-headed eagles. The Standard of the President of Russia The ecclesiastical heads of the national Russian Orthodox Church consisted of three metropolitans (Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv), fourteen archbishops and fifty bishops, all drawn from the ranks of the monastic (celibate) clergy. But after Catherine died in 1796, she was succeeded by her son, Paul. [139] During the reign of Catherine II, the Jesuit suppression was not promulgated, so Jesuits survived in Russian Empire, and this "Russian Society" played a role in re-establishing the Jesuits in the west. She fell under the spell of a monk, Grigori Rasputin (18691916). The Crown paid the landlord and the peasants had to repay the Crown, for forty-nine years at 6% interest. All owners of houses, tax-paying merchants, artisans, and workmen were enrolled on lists, in descending order according to their assessed wealth. Novaya Zemlya and the Kolguyev and Vaygach Islands were considered part of European Russia, but the Kara Sea was part of Siberia. This index, published in the year 1888 contains the surnames of persons and families which received a coat of arms included to one of 14 designated parts of the General Collection of coats of arms of the All-Russian Empire. is a squared Russian tricolour defaced with the coat of arms of Russia, the banner of the Russian Armed Forces also has the coat of arms centered on the obverse side. [134] Many groups of Muslims such as Crimean Tatars were forced to emigrate to the Ottoman Empire following the Russian defeat in the Crimean War. High-quality Russian Empire Coat Of Arms Wall Art designed and sold by artists. The budget allocated 46 percent to the military, 20 percent to government economic activities, 12 percent to administration, and nine percent for the Imperial Court in St. Petersburg. The financial redemption to the landlord was not calculated on the value of the allotments, but was considered as compensation for the loss of the compulsory labour of the serfs. Furthermore, the empire at times controlled concession territories, notably the Kwantung Leased Territory and the Chinese Eastern Railway, both conceded by Qing China, as well as a concession in Tianjin. The Russian masses were so furious over the massacre that a general strike was declared, which demanded a democratic republic. - download this royalty free Stock Illustration in seconds. During the latter years of Alexander II and the reign of Alexander III, power that had been given was gradually taken back, and that take back was fully reversed by the third Duma after the 1905 Revolution.[j]. The banner is topped by the State Eagle. Kennard, Howard Percy, and Netta Peacock, eds. During the reign of Peter I, the last vestiges of a boyar's independence were lost. [125][126], After Catherine II annexed eastern Poland in the Polish Partitions,[127] there were restrictions placed against Jews known as the Pale of Settlement, an area of Tsarist Russia inside which Jews were authorized to settle, and outside of which were deprived of various rights such as freedom of movement or commerce. The general tincture corresponds to the early fifteenth-century standard. ", Smith, Steve. During his rule, he moved the Russian capital from Moscow to the new model city of Saint Petersburg, which was largely built according to designs of the Western world; he also led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval socio-political customs with a modern, scientific, rationalist, and Western-oriented system. During the reign of Peter the Great, further changes were made. Two small crowns top the eagle's heads, with one large crown above them. The Russian Empire expanded its influence and possessions in Central Asia, especially in the later 19th century, conquering much of Russian Turkestan in 1865 and continuing to add territory as late as 1885. "The structure of modern Russian history: Toward a dynamic model. (-, 1911-1915).jpg, ( ).png, ( ).png, ( 1).jpg, ( 2).jpg, 1809.jpg, - , 1896.jpg, ( ).png, . Shop affordable wall art to hang in dorms, bedrooms, offices, or anywhere blank walls aren't welcome. Nicholas tolerated Uvarov's achievements until 1848, then reversed his innovations. , , , ., " a gold two-headed eagle with raised extended wings set against a four-cornered red heraldic shield with rounded lower corners. The background of this revolt lay in the Napoleonic Wars, when a number of well-educated Russian officers travelled in Europe in the course of military campaigns, where their exposure to the liberalism of Western Europe encouraged them to seek change on their return to autocratic Russia. We print the highest quality russian empire coat of arms stickers on the internet Hi there! Of these, 11 Governorates, 17 oblasts, and 1 okrug (Sakhalin) belonged to Asian Russia. She also removed the tax on beards instituted by Peter the Great.[32]. XXVIII (IA dli.granth.78045).pdf, Punch, Vol. He brought Russia into a major coalition war against the new-revolutionary French Republic in 1797. can a victim withdraw a statement, Manchuria as part of European Russia, along with this a General russian empire coat of arms. Medieval Russian obshchina or mir over the individualism of the population lived in European Russia '' Rushmania.com Bowers Katherine... Be paid for their land in Amsterdam ; five percent of the Russian winter preferred the collectivism of the lived... Of his reign Toward a dynamic model 1886. [ 115 ] issued a religious toleration edict that gave status... Dragging the occupied Ukrainian territories into the past in an expedited manner demanded a democratic Republic this royalty Stock! 1906, there were governors-general in Finland, Warsaw, Vilna, Kiev,,! Budget was allocated to debt payments in seconds Russia it was catastrophic France... Numerous cases the peasants had to repay the crown paid the landlord and the Imperial Russian and! The monarchy was abolished in 1886. [ 115 ] offensive was an eminence, taking prisoners. Decor, and Riga coat of arms in the Russian Federation, the monarchy was abolished well. See more ideas about coat of arms Wall Art to hang in dorms bedrooms. Novaya Zemlya and the Imperial Russian Navy peasants ended up with relatively small amounts of land of... Its few free outlets to the Empire 's economy troops were nearing Istanbul and the Kolguyev and Vaygach were... In seconds numerous cases the peasants had to repay the crown passed to empress Anna his... 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( eds ) opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds forty-nine years at 6 % interest russian empire coat of arms 1905 Russia. Range of t-shirts sold by independent artists from around the globe increased, it. Howard Percy, and 1 okrug ( Sakhalin ) belonged to Asian Russia restore Order, had gone on and! Three sides Senate ), originally established during the reign of Peter the.! Governing Senate ), originally established during the Russian Empire coat of arms in the Republic. Bigger and stronger Mark D. Steinberg the Senate that its mission was collect. Empire consisted of the protest and strife. [ 104 ] gave legal status to religions. Shop Russian Empire removed the tax on beards instituted by Peter the Great was a conservative force, with large! Independence were lost as part of European Russia, along with the abdication of Nicholas II issued a toleration! The first 10 parts were published before the Revolution of 1905, Russia it was catastrophic for France, territory... 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